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Faculty

Dr. Cheryl Lynn Holmes

Dr. Cheryl Holmes is Clinical Professor and the Head of the Division of Critical Care at UBC and is leading the Division’s strategic plan implementation in the delivery of the vision “Extraordinary critical care through innovation, education, collaboration, and advocacy.”

Dr. Holmes trained in Internal Medicine and Critical Care in Vancouver, British Columbia and has made significant contributions to the field of vasopressin in septic shock. During her distinguished career in critical care, Dr. Holmes served as a dedicated clinician educator and was the Medical Director, Critical Care, at Kelowna General Hospital. She also the founder and inaugural President of the BC Society of Critical Care Medicine.

Dr. Holmes is a committed medical educator.  In 2013, she completed a Master of Health Professions Education at the University of Illinois in Chicago, earning Best Thesis for “Harnessing the Hidden Curriculum; a Four Step Competency Approach”. Since 2017, she has served as the Associate Dean for Undergraduate Medical Education (UGME) in the UBC Faculty of Medicine, ensuring that undergraduate medical education aligns with the principles of societal accountability and responsibility.

Dr. Holmes is influential in shaping the future of medical education in Canada. She co-chairs the UGME Deans’ Council for the Association of the Faculties of Medicine in Canada (AFMC) and collaborates on initiatives such as the Culture of Academic Medicine Initiative and the Okanagan Charter Collaborative for the AFMC. Through these roles, Dr. Holmes is committed to cultivating respectful, compassionate, and health-promoting environments in academic medicine, where equity, diversity, inclusivity (EDI) and social justice are prioritized.

Dr. Holmes serves on the board of the Canadian Residency Matching Service (CaRMS) as the EDI Subcommittee Chair, and she plays a vital role in the Committee for the Accreditation of Canadian Medical Schools (CACMS), specifically in leading the revision of accreditation standards and elements to reflect the evolving landscape of socially accountable medical schools.

Dr. Holmes’ scholarship includes promoting learner wellbeing, fostering inclusive learning environments, social accountability of medical schools, and facilitating the professional identity formation of health professionals. In 2015, she received the Canadian Association for Medical Education (CAME) Certificate of Merit for her outstanding contributions.

Education:

University of Illinois, Chicago, 2014, MHPE*, Health Professions Education
University of British Columbia, 2000, FRCPC, Critical Care
University of British Columbia, 1999, FRCPC, Internal Medicine
University of British Columbia, 1984, MD, Medicine

Recent Publications:

Refereed Publications
(a) Journals

  1. Shannon HE, Holmes CL, Rush KL, Pesut B.  Navigating Uncertainty in Respiratory Assessment: The Interaction of Culture and Technology During Phase I Postanesthetic Recovery.  Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing.  2020 Aug 15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2020.04.004
  2. Jarvis Selinger S, MacNeil K, Costello G, Lee K, Holmes CL. Understanding Professional Identity Formation in Early Clerkship: A Novel Framwork. Academic Medicine. 2019 Jun 11. DOI: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000002835
  3. Holmes CL. Addressing the Hidden Curriculum at UBC. UBC Medical Journal 2019 10(2):4-5 https://med-fom-ubcmj.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2019/03/Feature-1.pdf 
  4. Holmes CL, Miller H, Regehr G. Reflecting on What? The difficulty of noticing formative experiences in the moment. Perspectives in Medical Education 2018 Dec;7(6):379-385.  DOI: 10.1007/s40037-018-0486-x.
  5. Holmes CL, Miller H, Regehr G. (Almost) forgetting to care: an unanticipated source of empathy loss in clerkship. Medical Education (51) p 732-9, July 2017  DOI:10.1111/medu.13344.
  6. Holmes CL, Harris IB, Schwartz AJ, Regehr G. Harnessing the Hidden Curriculum: a four-step approach to developing and reinforcing reflective competencies in clinical clerkship. Adv. Health Sc Ed. 19 (4) October 2014 DOI: 10.1007/s10459-014-9558-9.
  7. Mehta S, Granton J, Gordon AC, Cook DJ, Lapinsky S, Newton G, Bandayrel K, Little A, Siau C, Ayers D, Singer J, Lee TC, Walley KR, Storms M, Cooper DJ, Holmes CL, Hebert P, Presneill J, Russell JA; for the Vasopressin and Septic Shock Trial (VASST) Investigators. Cardiac ischemia in patients with septic shock randomized to vasopressin or norepinephrine. Crit Care. 2013 Jun 20;17(3):R117. DOI: 10.1186/cc12789.
  8. Mehta S, Granton J, Lapinsky SE, Newton G, Bandayrel K, Little A, Siau C, Cook DJ, Ayers D, Singer J, Lee TC, Walley KR, Storms M, Cooper J, Holmes CL, Hebert P, Gordon AC, Presneill J, Russell JA; Vasopressin and Septic Shock Trial (VASST) Investigators. Agreement in electrocardiogram interpretation in patients with septic shock. Critical Care Med 2011 Sept; 39(9):2080-6 DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e318222720e.
  9. Gordon AC, Russell JA, Walley KR, Singer J, Ayers D, Storms MM, Holmes CL, Hébert PC, Cooper DJ, Mehta S, Granton JT, Cook DJ, Presneill JJ. The effects of vasopressin on acute kidney injury in septic shock. Intensive Care Medicine. 2010 Jan;36(1): 83-91. DOI:10.1007/s00134-009-1687-x
  10. Russell JA, Walley KR, Gordon AC, Cooper DJ, Hébert PC, Singer J, Holmes CL, Mehta S, Granton JT, Storms MM, Cook DJ, Presneill JJ; Dieter Ayers for the Vasopressin and Septic Shock Trial Investigators. Interaction of vasopressin infusion, corticosteroid treatment, and mortality of septic shock. Crit Care Med. 2009 Mar;37(3):811-8. DOI:10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181961ace.
  11. Holmes CL, Walley K. Vasoactive Drugs for Vasodilatory Shock in ICU. Current Opinion in Critical Care. 2009 Oct; 15 (5): 398-402. DOI: 10.1097/MCC.0b013e32832e96ef.
  12. Russell JA, Walley KR, Singer J, Gordon AC, Hebert PC, Cooper DJK, Holmes CL, Mehta S, Granton JT, Storms MM, Cook DJ, Presneill JJ, Ayers D. Vasopressin versus Norepinephrine Infusion in Patients with Septic Shock. N Engl J Med 2008; 358(9): 877-887. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa067373.
  13. Holmes CL, Walley KR. Arginine vasopressin in the treatment of vasodilatory septic shock. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2008 Jun; 22(2): 275-86. DOI:org/10.1016/j.bpa.2008.03.002
  14. Boyd JH, Holmes CL, Wang Y, Roberts H, Walley KR. Vasopressin decreases sepsis-induced pulmonary inflammation through the V2R. Resuscitation. 2008 Nov; 79(2): 325-31. DOI:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2008.07.006
  15. Holmes CL. Vasoactive Drugs in the Intensive Care Unit. Current Opinion in Critical Care 2005; 11 413-417. DOI: 10.1097/01.ccx.0000176696.70013.da 
  16. Holmes CL, Landry DW, Granton JT. Science review: Vasopressin and the cardiovascular system part 2 – Clinical physiology. Crit Care Forum 2004 8 (1); 15-23. DOI: 10.1186/cc2338
  17. Holmes CL, Walley KR. Vasopressin in the ICU. Current Opinion in Critical Care 2004 Dec; 10(6): 442-8. DOI: 10.1097/01.ccx.0000144769.19213.0c 
  18. Holmes CL, Walley KR. Bad Medicine: Low dose dopamine in the ICU. Chest 2003; 123(4): 1266-75. DOI: 10.1378/chest.123.4.1266.
  19. Holmes CL, Russell JA, Walley KR. Genetic polymorphisms in sepsis and septic shock: Role in prognosis and potential for therapy. Chest 2003; 124(3): 1103-15. DOI:10.1378/chest.124.3.1103
  20. Holmes CL, Landry DW, Granton JT. Science review: Vasopressin and the cardiovascular system part 1 – receptor physiology. Crit Care 2003; 7(6):427-434. doi.org/10.1186/cc2337
  21. Holmes CL, Russell JA, Walley KR. Sepsis: Is There Room for Vasopressin? Sepsis 2001; 4(2):169-175. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011415123190
  22. Holmes CL, Patel BM, Russell JA, Walley KR. Review: Physiology of Vasopressin Relevant to Management of Septic Shock and SIRS. Chest 2001; 120(3): 989-1002.  DOI: https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.120.3.989
  23. Holmes CL, Walley KR, Chittock DR, Russell JA. The effect of vasopressin on hemodynamics and renal function in severe septic shock: a case series. Intensive Care Medicine 2001; 27:1416-21.  DOI: 10.1007/s001340101014
  24. Dhingra VK, Uusaro A, Holmes CL, Walley KR. Attenuation of lung inflammation by adrenergic agents in murine acute lung injury. Anesthesiology 2001; 95 (4):947-53.  DOI:https://anesthesiology.pubs.asahq.org/article.aspx?articleid=1944416

(b) Conference

  1. Blank G, Anthony J, Campbell K, Drynan D, Garrett B, Gerber P, Holmes C, McMillan J, Murphy S, Parhar G. 2019. Poster: Implementing Interactive 360-degree Video Simulations – a Form of Immersive Reality – To Prepare Learners for Emotionally Challenging Clinical Experiences. Proceedings of the Canadian Conference on Medical Education, Niagara 13 – 16 April.
  2. Holmes CL. 2018. Reflecting on What? The Difficulty of Noticing Formative experiences in the Moment. Proceedings of the Eighteenth Annual MHPE Summer Conference, University of Illinois, Chicago 26 – 27 July.
  3. Holmes CL. 2018. Workshop: Learning Environment of Learners in the Health Professions. Proceedings of the Eighteenth Annual MHPE Summer Conference, University of Illinois, Chicago 26 – 27 July.
  4. Holmes CL, Rizzuto M, Zhelenkov D, MacDonald I and Wong R. 2018. Real-Time Mapping of a Competency-Based Undergraduate Medical Curriculum to Deliver Exit Competencies Proceedings of the Canadian Conference on Medical Education, Halifax, 29 Apr – 1 May.
  5. Holmes CL, Miller H, & Regehr G. 2017. (Almost) Forgetting to Care. In: Health and Well-being. Proceedings of the Canadian Conference on Medical Education, Winnipeg, 29 Apr – 2 May.
  6. Jarvis-Selinger S, Costello G, Lee K, Holmes CL, & MacNeil K. 2017. Understanding professional identity in early clerkship. In: Professional Identity/Wellness. Proceedings of the Canadian Conference on Medical Education, Winnipeg, 29 Apr – 2 May.
  7. Costello G, Lee K, Holmes CL, Jarvis-Selinger S, Maclure M, Regehr G. 2016. Tales from the fringe: navigating professional identity in early clerkship. Proceedings of the Canadian Conference on Medical Education, Montreal, 16 – 19 Apr. Medical Education 2016; 50 (Suppl. 1): 91.
  8. Holmes CL, Regehr G, Ting D, Maclure M, Hubinette M, Prakash D, Reed M, Miller H, Jarvis-Selinger S, Costello G. 2017. Reflecting on what? The difficulty of noticing formative experiences in the moment. Proceedings of the Canadian Conference on Medical Education, Montreal, 16 – 19 Apr. Medical Education 2016; 50 (Suppl. 1): 78.
  9. Smart K, Holmes CL, Costello G, Miller H, Reed M, Maclure M, Regehr G, Purdon M. Oyedele O, Hubinette M. 2016. Mining the Hidden Curriculum – a guide for educators supporting professional identity formation in early clerkship. Proceedings of the Canadian Conference on Medical Education, Montreal, 16 – 19 Apr. Medical Education 2016; 50 (Suppl. 1): 7.
  10. Holmes CL, Regehr G. 2014. Harnessing the Hidden Curriculum in Patient Safety: a 4-step reflective competency approach Proceedings of the Canadian Conference on Medical Education, Ottawa, 26-29 Apr. Medical Education 2014; 48 (Suppl. s1): 2-130.
  11. Holmes CL. 2014. Harnessing the Hidden Curriculum in Inter-professional Practice. In: Moving Toward Best Practices in Instruction and Assessment of Essential Competencies. Proceedings of the Fourteenth Annual MHPE Summer Conference, University of Illinois, Chicago. 25-26 July.
  12. Winslade N, Leonard P, Holmes CL, Peters S, Barrett J, Gondocz T, Wallace G. 2013. Mapping Patient Safety Competencies to Undergraduate Curriculum Workshop Proceedings of the Canadian Conference on Medical Education, Quebec City, 20-24 Apr. Medical Education 2013; 47 (Suppl. 1): 1-128.
  13. Holmes CL. Multiple System Organ Failure and Limitation of Care Characterize Cause and Process of Death in Acute Lung Injury. Presented at American Thoracic Society. 1999. (Poster)
  14. Holmes CL. Treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction in a Community Hospital; Beliefs and Practice. Presented at Royal College Annual Meeting September 1997. (Poster)

(c) Abstracts

  1. Holmes CL, Walley KR. Arginine vasopressin in the treatment of vasodilatory septic shock. Best Practice and Research Clinical Anaesthesiology 2008; 22 (2): 275-286.
  2. Holmes CL, Walley KR, Ayers D, Gordon A, Russell JA. Septic Shock Mortality Decreased Over Time During the Vasopressin And Septic Shock Trial (VASST). Am J Resp Crit Care Med 2007; pA562.
  3. Russell, K.R. Walley, J. Singer, A.C. Gordon, P. Hebert, J. Cooper, S. Mehta, J. Granton, Holmes CL, M.M. Storms, D. Cook, J.J. Presneill, the VASST Investigators A Randomized Controlled Trial of Low Dose Vasopressin Versus Norepinephrine Infusion in Patients Who Have Septic Shock. Am J Resp Crit Care Med 2007; pA508.
  4. Manocha S, Walley KR, Sutherland A, Kareco T, Holmes CL, Russell JA. Fibrinogen Beta +9600 G-to-A defined haplotype is associated with an improved survival and a reduced occurrence of organ dysfunction in critically ill Caucasians. Am J Resp Crit Care Med 2003; 167(7): A429.
  5. Russell JA, Cooper DJ, Walley KR, Holmes CL, Singer J, Hebert P, Granton J, Mehta S, Terins T. Vasopressin and septic shock trial (VASST): Baseline characteristics and organ dysfunction in vasopressor dependent patients with septic shock. Am J Resp Crit Care Med 2003; 167(7): A548.
  6. Holmes CL, Terins T, Cooper DJ, Singer J, Hebert P, Granton J, Mehta S, Walley KR, Russell JA. Am J Resp Crit Care Med 2003; 167(7): 549. Vasopressin and septic shock trial (VASST): Screening logs identify modifiable patient exclusions in a randomized controlled trial (RCT).
  7. Cooper DJ, Russell JA, Walley KR, Holmes CL, Singer J, Hebert P, Granton J, Mehta S, Terins T, VASST Investigators. Vasopressin and septic shock trial (VASST): Innovative Features and Performance. Am J Resp Crit Care Med 2003; 167(7): A838.
  8. Holmes CL, Russell JA, Sandford AJ, Paré PD, Walley KR. TNF beta-252 A Allele is not associated with septic shock or mortality in ICU patients. St. Paul’s Hospital and the iCapture Center/UBC McDonald Research Laboratories, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Am J Resp Crit Care Med 2002; 165(8): A518.
  9. Walley KR, Holmes CL, Sandford AJ, Paré PD, Russell JA. Differential association of Tnf-alpha-308 G/A Polymorphism in critically ill patients with and without septic shock. Am J Resp Crit Care Med 2002; 165(8): A519.
  10. Holmes CL, Walley KR, Russell JA. Brussels organ failure free days in septic ICU patients. Am J Resp Crit Care Med 2002; 165(8): 519.
  11. Holmes CL, Russel JA, Sandford AJ, Paré PD, Walley KR. Interaction between polymorphisms of the I1-1 receptor antagonist gene Intron 2 and the TNF beta promoter region in ICU patients.   Am J Resp Crit Care Med 2002; 165(8): A472.
  12. Walley KR, Holmes CL, Sandford AJ, Paré PD, Russell JA. Il-6-174 C/G Polymorphism is not associated with outcome differences in critically ill patients.   Am J Resp Crit Care Med 2002.
  13. Russell JA, Holmes CL, Sandford AJ, Pare PD, Walley KR. The risk of occurrence of septic shock is increased by TNF alpha-308 allele and by TNBbeta-252AA/IL-RAA2 interaction in the critically ill. Am J Resp Crit Care Med 2002; 165(8): A23.
  14. Holmes CL, Chittock DR, Lehman T, Dunclop V, Russell JA. The mortality of septic shock now equals (or exceeds) the mortality of cardiogenic shock. Am J Resp Crit Care Med 2001; 163(5):A459.
  15. Holmes CL, McDonald TE, Dai SW, Wang YJ, Walley KR. Vasopressin modulates the pro-inflammatory response to endotoxin in a murine model of sepsis. Am J Resp Crit Care Med 2001; 163(5):A459.
  16. Dhingra VK, Holmes CL, Russell JA, Bowerin J, Abel J, Lichtenstein S, Walley KR. Il-6 associated with myocardial depression post cardio-pulmonary bypass. Am J Resp Crit Care Med 2001; 163 (5): A457.
  17. Holmes CL, Grieve E, Lehman T, Race MJ, Russell JA. Severe shock is a common precursor but less common complication of acute lung injury. Am J Resp Crit Care Med 2000; 161 (3): A382.
  18. Holmes CL, Walley KR, Grieve E, Lehman T, Race MJ, Russell JA. Vasopressin infusion increases mean arterial pressure and urine output in patients having severe septic shock. Am J Resp Crit Care Med 2000; 161 (3): A879.

(d) Other

  1. MHPE Thesis Dissertation: “Harnessing the Hidden Curriculum; a 4-Step Reflective Competency Approach” October 28, 2013, Department of Medical Education (DME), University of Illinois Chicago and Centre for Health Education Scholarship (CHES), University of British Columbia DOI:http://indigo.uic.edu:8080/bitstream/handle/10027/11285/Holmes_Cheryl.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y 

(e) Editorials

  1. Holmes CL, Vasopressin in Septic Shock; Does Dose Matter? Critical Care Medicine. 2004 Jun;32(6):1327-31. DOI: 10.1097/01.CCM.0000126377.73419.B9 
  2. Holmes CL, Is low-dose vasopressin the new reno-protective agent? Critical Care Medicine. 2004 Sep;32(9):1972-4. DOI: 10.1097/01.CCM.0000139612.00603.34 
  3. Holmes CL, Russell JA. Cleansing the Evil Humors; Plasmafiltration in Sepsis Syndrome. Critical Care Medicine. 1999;27(10): 2287-9.  DOI:https://journals.lww.com/ccmjournal/Citation/1999/10000/Plasmafiltration_in_sepsis__Removing_the_evil.38.aspx 

Books

Chapters

  1. Holmes CL, Gregoire, Genevieve, Russell, J.A. “Assessment of Severity of Illness” in Critical Care, 3rd Edition, Ed. Hall, Schmidt and Wood, New York; McGraw-Hill 2005:63-78.
  2. Holmes CL, Walley KR. “Shock” in Intensive Care in Nephrology, Ed. Murray, Patrick T, London and New York; Taylor and Francis Group 2005: p. 1-18.
  3. Holmes CL, Russell JA. Vasopressin. Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2004; 25: 705-711. DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-860984
  4. Holmes CL, Walley KR. Evaluation and Management of Shock. Clinics in Chest Medicine 2003; 24(4): 775-789. DOI: 10.1016/S0272-5231(03)00107-2
  5. Holmes CL, Walley KR. Cardiovascular Management of ARDS. Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2001; 22(3): 307-315.
  6. Holmes CL, Mancini GBJ. Angiographic Results of Lipid Lowering Trials: A Systemic Review and Meta-analysis. In: Cholesterol-Lowering Therapy; Evaluation of Clinical Trial Evidence. Ed. SM Grundy, New York: Marcel Dekker, 2000.

Other Works

  • Holmes CL. Aeromedical Trauma Transport, A Report for the Aeromedical Joint Task Force Interior Health Authority/BC Ambulance Service, December 2004.

Awards & Recognition:

Awards for Teaching

  1. Canadian Association for Medical Education (CAME) Certificate of Merit Award, 2015
  2. UBC Dept. Family Practice Teaching Award – Preceptor of the Year 2007-

Other Awards

  1. University of Illinois Chicago MHPE program “Best Thesis” Award, 2014
  • June 2020 to July 2021 UBC – FoM Special COVID-19 Strategic Investment Fund – Recognizing the responsibility of understanding what we mean by “Decolonizing health professional education”: A UBC learner and faculty project in response to the Truth and Reconciliation Calls to Action
  • June 2020 to January 2021 UBC – FoM Special COVID-19 Strategic Investment Fund – Effective team building, communication and professional identity formation for first year health professional students in an online and remote setting during Covid-19
  • June 2020 to January 2021 UBC – FoM Special COVID-19 Strategic Investment Fund – Virtual Surgical Education using Wearable Technology
  • May 2020 to April 2021 UBC – FoM Special COVID-19 Strategic Investment Fund – Engaging Indigenous communities in health professions educational programs at UBC
  • 2020 to 2021 – New Frontiers in Research Fund – Exploration 2019 SSHRC – Strategies for Facilitating Inclusive Health and Human Service programs in Higher Education: National Perspectives
  • March 2019 to April 2021 – Royal College Associated Medical Services /CanMEDS Research Development Grant – Exploring the Patient Role in the Learning Environment
  • January 2020 to January 2021 – UBC Faculty of Medicine Strategic Investment Fund – Graduate Student Wellness and Support
  • May 2019 to April 2020 – UBC Faculty of Medicine Strategic Investment Fund – Breaking the Glass Ceiling: An Appreciative Inquiry and Action Plan for Gender Equity and Inclusivity in the UBC Faculty of Medicine
  • 2018 UBC – UBCO Collaborative Research Mobility Award – Expanding CHES frontiers to UBC Okanagan and the southern medical program
  • 2018 – UBC Faculty of Medicine Strategic Investment Fund – Understanding the Learning Environment with Faculty of Medicine Graduate Students
  • 2015 UBC Postgraduate Medicine – The Student Voice Project/Hidden Curriculum
  • 2001 to 2006 – Canadian Institutes of Health Research – Vasopressin vs. Norepinephrine in Septic Shock: A randomized controlled clinical trial.
  1. Patient Safety and Quality Improvement
  2. Medical Education: Hidden Curriculum and Learning Environment
  3. Critical Care: Septic Shock and Mechanical Ventilation